So for the 486 that's mostly true; early 486SXes were DXes that failed QA testing on the FPU. They just had that portion lasered off and were sold as lacking an FPU. They'd later develop a FPU-less core to meet demand. The "487" really is just a 486DX with an extra key pin, 169 pin PGA vs 168. Some boards (including my GA-486VM) could do either-or in their main CPU socket and would just need a jumper set.
The 386DX/SX supposedly actually expand to Double-word eXternal and Single-word eXternal, I don't know how true that particular bit is but it sounds right -- the DX has a full 32-bit external and address bus but the SX only has a 16-bit external bus with a 24-bit address bus. This let OEMs reuse cheaper 286 board designs. The math coprocessor was completely separate for each. Fun fact, the original 80287 is just a repackaged 8087, and the 80287"XL" is a repackaged 80387. The 387DX normally uses the same socket as the 286 itself, but some early boards supposedly use a 287 socket.
Yes, QEMM can free up some ranges that would normally be allocated for an MDA/Hercules card and/or CGA I believe. It's not the most compatible thing in the world but JEMM from FreeDOS can do something similar. I find plain EMM386 is the most compatible and anything over 600K free conventional may as well just be for bragging rights -- nothing really needs it.