The sequence could be of great value to breeders and scientists, who have struggled to overcome the banana's weird characteristics. For example, the classic Cavendish variety exported to Western countries - which is thought to have originated as a natural hybrid thousands of years ago - has three sets of chromosomes instead of two and so cannot reproduce sexually.
"Half the world's edible bananas, including the Cavendish, are entirely sterile, and you can't breed them at all," says Frison. Instead, they are propagated by taking the plantlets that appear at the base of old banana plants each year.